Swollen eyeball: Causes, symptoms, and treatments

What You Need To Know About Eye Redness

Now let's explore the different causes of eye redness. For each one, we'll cover what it is, what causes it, and any other additional symptoms to be aware of.

Allergies

Allergies can affect the eyes, leading them to become red and swollen. Other symptoms that you may experience include:

Eye allergy symptoms can also be accompanied by other allergy symptoms, such as sneezing and an itchy, running nose.

Some common allergy triggers include:

Dry eyes

Tears are made by small glands above the eyes. They work to help protect and lubricate the eyes. You have dry eyes when your eyes don't produce enough tears.

Dry eyes are very common, with studies estimating a prevalence rate of between 5 to 50 percent. The condition is more likely to occur in women, people over the age of 50, and individuals who wear contact lenses.

If you have dry eyes, you may notice that your eyes appear red. Other symptoms include:

Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis happens when the membrane covering the insides of your eyelids and the white part of your eye, called the conjunctiva, becomes inflamed. This condition is also called pink eye.

Inflammation of the conjunctiva causes the whites of your eyes to appear pink or red in color. Some other symptoms that may occur with conjunctivitis are:

itching

a burning sensation

feeling like something is in your eye

increased tearing

discharge of mucus or pus, which can lead to crusting of the eyelids or eyelashes

Conjunctivitis can have a variety of causes, including:

viral infections, such as those due to adenoviruses, measles, or COVID-19

bacterial infections that can be caused by species like Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Haemophilus influenzae

allergies to things like pollen, molds, and pet dander

environmental irritants like smoke or chemical fumes

Conjunctivitis due to a viral or bacterial infection is very contagious. That means that it can easily be spread from one person to another.

Blepharitis

Blepharitis is when your eyelids become inflamed. It can cause your eyelids or eyes to appear red and swollen.

Some additional symptoms of blepharitis are:

itching

a burning or stinging sensation

feeling like something is in your eye

increased tearing

crusty eyelids in the morning

sensitivity to light

It's also possible for blepharitis to cause more serious symptoms, particularly if not managed. These can include things like loss of eyelashes, eyelashes that grow in the wrong location, or blurred vision.

Blepharitis can happen if you have high amounts of bacteria on your eyelids. The condition may also develop if oil glands in your eyelids become clogged. A mite infestation can also cause blepharitis in rare cases.

Uveitis

Uveitis is inflammation that happens in the middle part of your eye, called the uvea. The uvea is an area found between the white of your eye and your retina.

Inflammation due to uveitis can lead to eye redness. Additional symptoms to look out for are:

There are a few known causes of uveitis, including:

Getting timely treatment for uveitis is vital. This is because the condition can lead to vision loss if not managed.

Scleritis

Scleritis is when inflammation affects the white of your eye, which is called the sclera. When this occurs, the white of your eye can become red and swollen. Additional symptoms can be:

increased tearing

eye tenderness or pain

blurred vision

sensitivity to light

pain in the head, face, or jaw

decreased vision

The development of scleritis is often associated with an autoimmune disease. Examples include:

It's also possible for scleritis to happen due to an injury to the eye or an eye infection.

Subconjunctival hemorrhage

Sometimes, a blood vessel in an eye can break, leaking blood on the surface of your eye This is called a subconjunctival hemorrhage.

The condition may look serious, but it's often benign and goes away on its own in 1 to 2 weeks. Typically, the redness in the affected eye is the only symptom, although in some cases, your eye may feel slightly irritated.

However, if you have subconjunctival hemorrhage and your vision is decreased, talk with a doctor.

Some potential causes of subconjunctival hemorrhage are:

rubbing your eyes too hard

intense coughing or sneezing

vomiting

eye injury

You may be more prone to this condition if you're taking blood thinners or have diabetes or hypertension.

Eyelid stye

A stye is a blockage of the meibomian gland in the eye that causes inflammation. It can affect the outside or inside of either your upper or lower eyelid.

If you have a stye, the area at the edge of your eyelid can become red, swollen, and painful. The affected area may fill with meibum (due to the blocked gland) and can potentially grow to the size of a pea.

Angle-closure glaucoma

Glaucoma is a condition where the pressure in your eye increases due to the eye producing more fluid than the normal rate. This can damage your optic nerve, potentially leading to vision loss.

There are different types of glaucoma. In one type, called angle-closure glaucoma, a rapid increase in eye pressure occurs. You may also see this type of glaucoma called closed-angle glaucoma or narrow-angle glaucoma.

The symptoms of angle-closure glaucoma come on suddenly and may include eye redness. Other symptoms to be aware of are:

Angle-closure glaucoma happens when your iris blocks the area through which eye fluid drains. Fluid begins building up in the eye, leading to a rapid increase in eye pressure. This type of glaucoma is an emergency and can lead to vision loss if you don't seek treatment right away.

Corneal ulcers

Corneal ulcers are ulcers, or sores, that affect the outer part of your eye, which is called the cornea. This condition is also called keratitis.

In addition to red eyes, other symptoms of a corneal ulcer are:

severe eye pain

feeling like something is in your eye

increased tearing

discharge of pus

blurred vision

sensitivity to light

eyelid swelling

There are several things that can cause corneal ulcers to develop:

bacteria

viruses, particularly herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus

fungi

acanthamoeba, a type of parasitic infection

dry eyes

sleeping in contact lenses

showering or swimming in contact lenses, or using well water to clean contacts

injury to the cornea, such as a scratch, cut, or burn

Bell's palsy and other disorders affecting the eyelid's ability to close

It's important to seek timely medical attention if you have symptoms of a corneal ulcer. If not managed, this condition can permanently damage your vision.

Injury

Sustaining an injury that affects your eye may cause it to become red, often due to irritation or bleeding. Other symptoms that may occur with an eye injury are:

eye pain

swelling of the eye or the surrounding area

trouble moving your eye

decreased vision

different pupil sizes

A few examples of common sources of eye injuries include:

foreign objects that get into your eye

physical trauma, such as sustaining a blow or an accident

exposure to chemicals

Contact lens wear

Individuals who wear contact lenses have to touch their eyes and the surrounding area more often than those who don't wear contact lenses. As such, they're at an increased risk of eye redness due to a variety of factors. Some of these include:

scratches or scrapes on the cornea

eye allergies

eye infections

corneal ulcers, which can happen from sleeping in contact lenses

dry eyes

neovascularization, when new blood vessel grow on the cornea

giant papillary conjunctivitis, a type of conjunctivitis in which bumps develop under your eyelid

contact lens-induced acute red eye (CLARE), an inflammatory condition associated with wearing contacts overnight

In addition to eye redness, some symptoms of complications related to contact lenses are:

eye pain

increased tearing

blurry vision

sensitivity to light

If you wear contact lenses and have any of the symptoms above, remove your contacts for a few hours. If your symptoms continue or become worse, contact an eye doctor.

Additional causes of eye redness

In addition to the causes discussed above, some further causes of eye redness include:

use of alcohol or cannabis

photokeratitis, which is eye irritation that can happen due to sun exposure

ocular rosacea, a skin condition that most often affects the cheeks, nose, or forehead but can also affect your eyes

trichiasis, in which eyelashes grow inward and irritate the eye

cellulitis, a bacterial skin infection that can affect the eyelid or eye socket

endophthalmitis, an infection of the tissues on the inside of your eye

onchocerciasis, a parasitic infection caused by a roundworm

retinoblastoma, a type of cancer that affects the eye

COVID-19 Impact On Eye Health: Rising Cases Of Ocular Symptoms

A growing association has been observed between COVID-19 infection and individuals reporting eye issues, including symptoms such as dryness, redness, and itching, with conjunctivitis being a prevalent manifestation. This study by a team of Indian-origin researchers was published in Cureus: Journal of Medical Science (1✔ ✔Trusted SourceCOVID-19 and Its Ophthalmic Manifestations: A Literature ReviewGo to source).While COVID-19 has primarily been a respiratory infection, the ocular system has shown susceptibility to the SARS-CoV-2 virus with numerous symptoms reported across the globe, said the team from Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine Nova Southeastern University. 'Did you know? COVID-19 infection is linked to eye issues like dryness and redness, with conjunctivitis being the most common. #covid19 #eyedryness #conjunctivitis #eyehealth #medindia' The team reported more serious complications such as,

Episcleritis -- a benign, inflammatory disease that affects the clear tissue that covers the white part of your eyes and is unrelated to COVID-19 infection

Ophthalmoparesis -- a weakness or paralysis of any of the extraocular muscles that garner movement of the eye

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO) -- a serious disease of the eye in which the main artery supplying the retina is blocked due to an atherosclerotic plaque.

Some COVID patients also reported suffering cranial nerve palsies, where an individual takes longer than usual to move their eyes. It can also lead to vision loss. "Quickly isolating and starting treatment can aid in stopping the spread of this novel coronavirus," said corresponding author Deepesh Khanna from the varsity's Department of Foundational Sciences.

Did You Know? Approximately one in every ten COVID-19 patients presents with eye symptoms. The study, based on a review of 233 research papers from 2020 to 2024, also revealed that some patients may present with ocular symptoms as the first indication of COVID-19 infection. This is because ACE2 receptors that are present in the eye act as entry points for the SARS-CoV-2 virus to infect cells and cause COVID-19, the team explained.

The ACE2 receptors present in eyes also "allow for easy transmission of the virus into the conjunctiva". "As the number of COVID-19 cases with ophthalmic infection continues to rise, further research must be conducted into the specific pathophysiology of ocular manifestations. Physicians should be informed on how to treat these symptoms, should they come into contact with those patients presenting with ophthalmic manifestations of COVID-19," the researchers wrote in the paper.

While there is no current cure for COVID, the study showed that Pfizer's Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) medication, "may help treat Covid-19-positive patients with ophthalmic symptoms". The medication was approved by the US FDA in December 2021 for patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 who are at risk of worse outcomes. The medication can halt viral replication and reduce viral load in the body.

Reference:

COVID-19 and Its Ophthalmic Manifestations: A Literature Review - (https://www.Cureus.Com/articles/108003-covid-19-and-its-ophthalmic-manifestations-a-literature-review)

Source-IANS

Global Conjunctivitis Market Is Expected To See A Valuation Of US$ 3,208.7 Million By 2032, According To A Recent FMI Report

Conjunctivitis Market

The global conjunctivitis market growth has demonstrated robust growth, showcasing a 5.8% Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) and achieving a substantial value of US$ 1,825.8 million by 2022. With a promising outlook, industry experts project an impressive surge, estimating the market to expand significantly and reach approximately US$ 3,208.7 million by 2032.

Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, represents a prevalent ocular condition affecting millions worldwide. The market's steady growth reflects both increased prevalence and advancements in treatment options and diagnostic tools. Factors such as rising awareness, technological innovations, and a growing emphasis on healthcare access contribute to this optimistic projection.

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"The trajectory of the conjunctivitis industry showcases an encouraging trend, propelled by ongoing research, innovation in treatment modalities, and a greater understanding of ocular health," said Future Market Insights. "As the global healthcare landscape evolves, we anticipate a continued focus on preventive measures and effective treatments, further driving the market's expansion."

The forecasted growth in the conjunctivitis sector underscores the significance of investments in research and development, fostering collaborations, and promoting accessibility to advanced healthcare solutions. Additionally, the convergence of telemedicine and eye care services presents new avenues for reaching and treating patients, especially in underserved regions.

With the market poised for substantial growth, stakeholders, including pharmaceutical companies, healthcare providers, and research institutions, are gearing up to address the evolving needs of patients and healthcare systems. The industry's evolution is not only pivotal for meeting current demands but also for shaping the future landscape of ocular healthcare worldwide.

As the global conjunctivitis market continues on this upward trajectory, it emphasizes the importance of proactive measures, strategic partnerships, and innovation in addressing ocular health challenges, ultimately enhancing the quality of life for millions affected by this condition.

Key Takeaways Conjunctivitis industry:

Prevalence: Conjunctivitis is a widespread condition, affecting people of all ages globally. It can be highly contagious, particularly in cases caused by viruses or bacteria, which can contribute to its spread within communities, schools, and workplaces.

Types of Conjunctivitis: There are several types of conjunctivitis, including viral conjunctivitis, bacterial conjunctivitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and chemical conjunctivitis. Each type has its own causes, symptoms, and treatment options.

Viral Conjunctivitis: Viral conjunctivitis is the most common form of conjunctivitis and is usually caused by adenoviruses. It can spread easily and often accompanies symptoms of respiratory infections, such as the common cold. Viral conjunctivitis is typically self-limiting and resolves on its own within a few days to a couple of weeks.

Bacterial Conjunctivitis: Bacterial conjunctivitis is caused by bacteria, most commonly Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Haemophilus influenzae. It can be more severe and persistent than viral conjunctivitis and often requires antibiotic treatment.

Allergic Conjunctivitis: Allergic conjunctivitis occurs due to an allergic reaction to substances such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, or certain medications. It can cause itching, redness, and watery discharge in the eyes. Managing allergies and avoiding allergens are crucial in treating allergic conjunctivitis.

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Competitive Landscape:

The prominent players in the market are planning to invest in research and development initiatives to innovate new drugs and therapies for efficiently treating ocular disorders. The recent awareness of ocular allergies has tremendously elevated backed by numerous factors such as faster urbanization and a growing number of allergens.

Key Companies Profiled:

Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH

Allergan Inc.

Sanofi-Aventis

Atopix Therapeutics Ltd.

Novartis AG, Ocular Therapeutix, Inc.

Bausch & Lomb Inc.

Akorn Incorporated.

Auven Therapeutics

Sirion Therapeutics, Inc.

Key Segments of the Conjunctivitis industry:

By Type:

Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis

Seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis

Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis

Contact Conjunctivitis

Perennial Conjunctivitis

Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis

By Treatment:

Mast Cell Stabilizers

Decongestant

Immunotherapy

Antihistamines

Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

Olopatadine

Epinastine

Ointments

Others

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Future Market Insights, Inc. (ESOMAR certified, recipient of the Stevie Award, and a member of the Greater New York Chamber of Commerce) offers profound insights into the driving factors that are boosting demand in the market. FMI stands as the leading global provider of market intelligence, advisory services, consulting, and events for the Packaging, Food and Beverage, Consumer Technology, Healthcare, Industrial, and Chemicals markets. With a vast team of over 400 analysts worldwide, FMI provides global, regional, and local expertise on diverse domains and industry trends across more than 110 countries.

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