Swollen eyeball: Causes, symptoms, and treatments
Shocking Scans Show A Brake Handle Lodged In Teen's Eye Socket After Horror Crash
DOCTORS had to pull a motorcycle brake handle from a teenager's eye after it got stuck during a horror road accident.
Miraculously, the boy, 19, escaped with no major injuries or lasting sight problems, docs said.
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Scans show a brake handle lodged in teen's eye socket after a horror crashCredit: ScienceDirectSharing gory details and pictures of the freak accident in a journal, medics in Malaysia revealed how the lever missed his eyeball by just millimetres.
Firefighters were said to have cut the brake handle from the bike at the scene of the crash so that paramedics could get to him.
Upon arrival at the Universiti Malaya Eye Research Centre in Kuala Lumpur, the man's eye was red and swollen.
The bike handle was awkwardly protruding from his right eye socket, slightly to the left of his eyeball.
Read mroe on case reportsAfter an examination, doctors discovered his retina, the layer of tissue at the back of the eye that helps us see, was damaged and cloudy.
CT scans revealed the handle had pierced the lower eye socket and damaged part of the bone around his nose.
The 17cm handle had luckily missed his pupil and nerves, which meant he narrowly escaped long-term eye damage.
An ECG, a test that records the electric signals your heartbeat makes, showed he was experiencing an abnormally slow heart rhythm of between just 45 and 48 beats per minute (bpm).
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Doctors diagnosed him with oculocardiac reflex (OCR), which is when pressure on the eye muscles triggers a drop in heart rate.
The teen was rushed to surgery, where the handle was removed from his eye along with the damaged tissue.
NHS animated video on eye healthThe broken bone around his nose was then rebuilt with two screws.
After surgery, his pulse rate immediately returned to a normal range of 72–80 beats per minute.
At a six-month follow-up appointment, doctors found the teen still had 20/20 vision, and his retina had healed.
Writing up the case report in the American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports, doctors said his right eye appeared sunken by around 5mm.
However, the man refused any additional treatment to fix it.
They did not share any further details about the accident.
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Doctors had to pull a motorcycle brake handle from a teenager's eyeCredit: ScienceDirect4
The handle, measuring 17cm in length, had luckily missed his pupil and nerveCredit: ScienceDirect4
At a six-month follow-up appointment, doctors found the teen still had 20/20 vision, and his right eye appeared sunken by around 5mmCredit: ScienceDirectSome of the bizarre things doctors have removed from people's insides...
It's not uncommon for doctors to have to remove weird objects from unsuspecting places in the human body.
How Cataracts Are Diagnosed
What to Expect at Your Eye AppointmentWhen you see an eye doctor about possible cataracts, the first thing your doctor will most likely do is ask you about your symptoms.
Questions about your visual symptoms may include:
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Your doctor may ask about specific visual symptoms, such as:
[4]
Your doctor may also ask you questions about your personal and family medical history, such as:
[2]
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Based on your answers, your doctor will decide what tests are indicated to look for cataracts and evaluate how much vision loss they've caused.
Diagnostic Tests for CataractsAfter reviewing your medical history and symptoms, your doctor may perform one or more tests to evaluate your vision and get a closer look at your eyes.
Tests used to diagnose cataracts include:
Visual Acuity Test For this test, you'll look at an eye chart showing rows of capital letters (usually) that are large at the top of the chart and progressively smaller toward the bottom of the chart. Your doctor will ask you to read from various areas of the chart.
Your eyes will be tested one at a time, with the other eye covered. Your doctor will determine whether your vision is normal, or 20-20, or whether your vision is impaired.[5]
For the purpose of diagnosing cataracts, it's also important to note whether your vision has significantly worsened since your last exam.
Dilated Eye Exam Also known as a retinal exam, this test involves putting drops in your eyes that make your pupils dilate (widen).
Dilating your pupils makes it easier to look at the back of your eyes, known as your retina. Your doctor will do this using a specialized magnifying device, known as an ophthalmoscope.
This test lets your doctor look through your lens to spot any abnormalities, as well as to look at your retina and optic nerve, which connects your retina to your brain.
After this test, your vision may remain blurred from the eye drops for several hours.[6]
Slit-Lamp Test This test involves using a specialized microscope to look at the structures in the front of your eye.
This microscope, known as a slit lamp, uses a narrow line of light to examine your cornea (outer eye layer), iris (colored part of your eye), the space between your cornea and iris, and your lens.
The thin, strong line of light lets your doctor view small sections of these structures at a time, making it easier to spot any troublesome abnormalities.[2]
[3]
Tonometry This test measures the pressure inside your eye. It's often used to help diagnose glaucoma, but may also be useful for cataracts.
Before the test, your doctor may give you eye drops to numb your eyes.
In a common version of the test, you'll rest your head on a chin rest and line your eyes up with a device that delivers a puff of air to each eye. The machine will measure your eye pressure based on how light reflects off your eye when the puff takes place.
In the most accurate version of tonometry, the front of your eye will be stained with an orange dye, and you'll rest your head on a support. A slit lamp will shine a narrow line of light onto your eyes.
Your doctor will place a measuring device (called a tonometer) so that it just touches the front of your eyes. Blue light will shine through the slit lamp, and your doctor will adjust a dial to read your eye pressure.
In another variation of the test, your doctor will use a small handheld device that resembles a pencil to instantly measure your eye pressure while touching it to your eye.
Because your eyes will have been numbed, each method of tonometry is painless and may cause only brief and minor discomfort.[6]
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A New Displacement-pressure Biparametrically Regulated Softness Sensory System For Intraocular Pressure Monitoring
High intraocular pressure (IOP) is a significant risk factor for glaucoma. Current IOP tests are mostly conducted in hospitals, while portable home tonometers that provide convenient IOP monitoring are expensive and often suffer from large errors (> 5 mmHg). There is a pressing need for the development of a convenient, low-cost, and highly accurate eye pressure monitor.
To address the challenges, a team led by Professor Chuan Fei Guo at the Southern University of Science and Technology and Professor Cunjiang Yu at Pennsylvania State University has proposed a principle for IOP monitoring through the identification of eyeball softness. Integrating deep learning, the team designed a displacement-pressure biparametrically controlled biomimetic softness sensory system, and made a portable IOP tonometer capable of highly accurate assessment of IOP.
The team's work is published in the journal National Science Review.
Ph.D. Student Yu Cheng and undergraduate student Yifei Zhan from the Southern University of Science and Technology are the equally contributed first authors, and Professor Chuan Fei Guo and Professor Cunjiang Yu serve as co-corresponding authors.
The touch and recognition of soft objects by human fingers rely on not only pressure distribution but also deformation information. Inspired by this, the team integrated two asymmetrically deployed high-sensitivity (0~60 kPa, 736.1 kPa-1) iontronic pressure sensors on a hemispherical elastomeric indentor to mimic the touch of human fingers. Different from the force control mode reported in previous works, the displacement-pressure control mode allows the collection of much comprehensive pressure and deformation information to reflect the softness of the contacted object.
Utilizing a deep learning model, the sensory system enables the accurate classification of 20 common objects in daily life with an accuracy exceeding 99%. The system's design promotes high training efficiency, accuracy, and robustness due to its multi-segment displacement control mode.
Based on the sensory system, the team developed and custom-made a portable and wearable IOP monitor that identifies IOP health by recognizing eyeball softness. The monitor integrates two high-precision micro linear actuators and two biomimetic softness sensors, with adjustable screws to accommodate varying user needs. This portable IOP monitor costs approximately $200, significantly lower than that of commercial portable tonometers such as the ICare IC-100, which costs around $2,000.
Unlike other IOP tonometers, this device measures IOP in a closed-eye status without a direct contact with the eyeball. Since eyeballs are significantly harder than the eyelid, the variability in eyelid softness and thickness across different individuals do not affect the testing results. The team collected data from 50 eyeballs of 25 volunteers for deep learning and testing validation, demonstrating that this portable IOP monitor surpasses commercial alternatives in accuracy, repeatability, and consistency.
In conclusion, this work presents a principle to monitor IOP based on eyeball softness identification, involving the design of a biomimetic softness sensor and the development of an intelligent softness sensory system. This has led to the creation of a portable IOP monitor that offers a high-comfort, high-accuracy, and low-cost solution for not only IOP monitoring, but also softness sensing in other health care applications and robotics.
More information: Yu Cheng et al, Displacement-pressure biparametrically regulated softness sensory system for intraocular pressure monitoring, National Science Review (2024). DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae050
Citation: A new displacement-pressure biparametrically regulated softness sensory system for intraocular pressure monitoring (2024, April 3) retrieved 16 April 2024 from https://medicalxpress.Com/news/2024-04-displacement-pressure-biparametrically-softness-sensory.Html
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